NEPAL Education System

Education is compulsory in Nepal for five years between the ages of six and 11. The entrance age to education preceding the first level is three, Secondary education includes a two-year lower secondary school and a three-year general high school. Enrollment ratios for males and females at the primary level rose sharply in the past decade owing to the introduction of a three-year primary school in 1975. In 1983 the ratio for males and females was 73% (102 for males and 42 for females). At the secondary level, the figure for males and females was 21% (32 for males and 9 for females). Further evidence of enrollment inequities is provided by the fact that only 20% (102,902) of the total pupils enrolled in the secondary grades are female. Most of the females (57%) enrolled in primary school are studying in the first grade and only 6% of females studying in the secondary school are in the tenth grade.

Higher Education in East Germany

Postsecondary education, all forms of which are state-run, consists of two different levels: (1) technical or specialized colleges (Fachschulen) and (2) universities and specialized institutions of higher learning (Hockschulen), such as technical engineering or pedagogical universities, music and art academies, etc.

Secondary Education System in East Germany

Secondary schooling begins after completion of the 10-year general poly-technical high school, when pupils enter differing programs of education and vocational training. A small number go on to the university preparatory Extended High School (EOS); a larger group enrolls in specialized colleges (Fachschulen) for professional training (discussed in the section on higher education); and the majority of young people being apprenticeship training leading to qualification as a skilled worker, some programs of which also grant the Abitur.

Preprimary And Primary Education In East Germany

Although compulsory education does not begin until the first grade, the GDR has an extensive system of preschool facilities in the form of community, factory, collective and church run kindergartens. After a massive building campaign in the 1970s, there are now kindergartens for all children whose parents wish them to attend; and well over 90% of children between the ages of three and five are enrolled. Kindergarten in the GDR is a three years program, with the children divided into three different classes according to age. As an integral part of the socialist education system under the Ministry of Public Education, the program is paid for by the state; there is only a small charge for meals. As a convenience for working parents, kindergartens are all day facilities; some even are open into the early evening. The children receive regular medical checkups as part of the kindergarten program, in addition to being a convenient means of healthcare, the intent of the program is to detect possible medical problems early hearing or vision loss, need for dental care, posture defects, etc. In the three-year program, emphasis is placed on teaching the children to think for themselves, to speak clearly and correctly, to take responsibility and participate actively in the collective, and to Rapid themselves imaginatively during fine art furthermore music. Physical exercise and training are also stressed. In the last year of kindergarten, the children are prepared for beginning school, but no attempt is made to anticipate school learning.

Educational System in East Germany

Education falls in the purview of the state and is centrally directed. The concept of the one uniform, socialist system of education (first formulated in 1965 applies to all levels of education. The only exception to this principle is a scattering of church-run institutions; kindergartens; training programs for kindergarten teachers, nurses and others who will be employed in church institutions; and three Protestant seminaries. In 1983 there were 5,880 primary, secondary and special schools with 103,029 classes in the GDR. Something over two million (2,076,909) pupils were taught by 171,914 teachers: 12.1 pupils for each fully employed teacher; the average class size was 20.2 pupils.